Described herein is an excitation emission matrix (EEM) spectrometer andmethod,comprising a multiplexer that encodes excitation light produced by at leastone excitation lightsource; and a demultiplexer that decodes encoded light emitted from a sample,and produces anoutput indicative of a characteristic of the sample. Embodiments are describedwherein themultiplexer and the demultiplexer may comprise FDM or OFDM, and wherein boththeexcitation light and the emitted light may be encoded using a DMA or a SLM. Insomeembodiments the same DMA or SLM may be used to encode the excitation light andthe emittedlight. In some embodiments excitation light may be encoded using a Walshfunction, or theexcitation light may be encoded using a Walsh function and the emitted lightmay be decodedusing an inverse Hadamard transformation.
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