USE OF POLYMERS AS HETEROGENEOUS HYDROGEN DONORS IN THE UPGRADING OF HEAVY AND EXTRA-HEAVY CRUDE OILS

摘要

The present invention is related to the application of solid polymers orcopolymersprepared from monomers having in their structure a polycyclic aromatic ring,anaromatic ring of the type of naphthalene, or polyesters, polyethers,polyamides orpolyvynil derivatives having naphthalene units in their structure, in thehydrotreatment or hydrocracking of heavy hydrocarbons, such as heavy or extra-heavycrude oils or residues from the distillation of petroleum; these polymers orcopolymers may be supported, anchored or in a physical mixture with metallicoxides such as alumina, silica, titania or kaolin, and they have anapplication asheterogeneous hydrogen donors in reactions of hydrotreatment or hydrocrackingofheavy or extra-heavy crude oils, residues from the distillation of petroleumand cutsand streams deived from this distillation. These solid polymers or coplymersoperate in the presence of hydrogen or methane-rich gas. These hydrogen donorpolymers, being solid, may be recovered from the reaction mixture to be reusedand have a thermal stability that allows for their use in reactions attemperaturesabove 450°C. These heterogeneous hydrogen donors improve the physicalproperties of crude oils, such as API gravity, viscosity, and distillatesyield,inhibiting the formation of coke.