Provided in an embodiment of the invention are an image acquisition system, an image acquisition processing system, and an image acquisition processing method. The image acquisition system (100) comprises an image capturing device (130) and a polarization device (152). The image capturing device (130) is used to capture a first image and a second image of a target scene. When the image capturing device (130) captures the second image, the polarization device (152) is positioned in an incident optical path of the image capturing device (130) corresponding to the second image so that a first incident light beam (110) for forming the first image and a second incident light beam (120) for forming the second image have different polarization states. The embodiment of the invention can reduce a volume of information associated with image processing and enhance image processing accuracy.
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