A calibration method under a near-bit wireless short-transmission ground environment includes the following steps: placing an emitter and a receiver, which are connected across a screw, in a container containing a solution, connecting the emitter with the receiver through a copper wire to form a loop of an electric field signal, connecting the emitter with a transmitting circuit to achieve signal transmission, connecting the receiver with a receiving circuit to achieve signal reception, and calibrating an optimal transmitting power and a receiving gain by measuring an amplitude relationship between a transmitted signal and a received signal in a case where resistivity values of solutions are different.
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