A rare earth ion co-doped optical fiber-based dual-wavelength synchronous pulse fiber laser, comprising: a continuous light LD pump source (103), a rare earth ion co-doped optical fiber (105) and a resonant cavity; the continuous light LD pump source (103) is connected to the resonant cavity, and the rare earth ion co-doped optical fiber (105) is located in the resonant cavity; sensitizer ions in the rare earth ion co-doped optical fiber (105) absorb pump light, and sensitizer-ion radiation generates laser light of one wavelength, while sensitized-ion radiation of the rare earth ion co-doped optical fiber (105) generates laser light of another wavelength; utilizing a saturable absorber (102) inserted in a laser cavity of the sensitizer-ion radiation, the laser light irradiated by the sensitizer ions is Q-switched or mode-locked to generate a pulse laser light; said process periodically modulates the gain of the laser light irradiated by the sensitized ions and generates a synchronized pulse laser light, thereby achieving a dual-wavelength synchronous pulse optical fiber laser having a highly integrated all-optical fiber structure.
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