Provided are a distance measurement device based on GNSS differential technology and a distance measurement method for a golf course position. The measurement device comprises a GNSS antenna module (1), a GNSS positioning module (3), a central processing unit (4) and a communication module (2), wherein the GNSS antenna module (1) is used for obtaining a GNSS satellite signal; the communication module (2) is used for obtaining a GNSS differential signal of a GNSS differential base station; the GNSS positioning module (3) is used for calculating, based on the GNSS differential signal and the GNSS satellite signal, positioning data of a current positioned position; and the central processing unit (4) is used for processing positioning data of a certain determined position and the positioning data of the current position, and calculating the distance between the certain determined position and the current positioned position.
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