Embodiments of the present invention include systems and methods for noninvasive measurement of physiological characteristics of tissue. The system includes a light emitter, an optical detector, a mechanical sensor and a processor. The light emitter is capable of emitting light of two different wavelengths and comprises at least one light source. The processor can evaluate physiological characteristics of tissue from measurements of optical and mechanical sensors. More precisely, the processor can evaluate the physiological characteristics of venous blood using data measured by mechanical sensors and optical detectors. As an example, the oxygenation of venous blood can be measured. In addition, the system may optionally include a light emitter emitting three wavelengths, and / or the light emitters and optical detectors are arranged in a reflective system and positioned at a distance of up to 10 mm from each other.
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