ARM PROSTHESIS FOR PATIENTS WITH THE DEGREE OF AMPUTATION FROM FINGERS TO THE FOREARM, PROSTHESIS OF THE WRIST JOINT, WHICH INCLUDES THE HAND PROSTHESIS, THE FINGER ROD CABLE LOCKING DEVICE OF THE HAND PROSTHESIS (3 OPTIONS), THE FINGER POSITION COMBINATION CONTROL DEVICE OF THE HAND PROSTHESIS (2 OPTIONS)

摘要

FIELD: medicine.;SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the field of medical technology, namely to the active hand and forearm prostheses. Arm prosthesis for patients with a degree of amputation from the fingers to the forearm includes a hand prosthesis including the system of cables and pulleys, the forearm prosthesis and the wrist joint prothesis that connects the hand prosthesis to the forearm prosthesis. Wrist joint is formed by joining the hand and forearm by means of two flexible tubes with thickenings at the ends, each of which is fixed at one end in the wrist prosthesis, the other in the forearm prosthesis. Forearm contains the distal and proximal segments, which are connected by two flexible tubes that are fixed at both ends in the segments to be joined. Hand blocking device is installed in the hand. In the proximal segment of the forearm, there is the tension mechanism for the traction cable of the hand prosthesis and the hand unlocking angle regulator, which is a plate fixed to the surface of the proximal segment and configured with the possibility to extend beyond the segment and affect the hand blocking device installed, which is installed in the hand prosthesis. Hand prosthesis for the mentioned arm prosthesis includes the hand blocking device and the mechanical hand that comprises a metacarpus, the artificial fingers, which is connected to the metacarpus by means of joints and formed by the phalanges with channels that are connected with joints, through their channels the cables are stretched, the ends of which are fixed on the distal phalanxes and at the ends of the pulleys, which are connected by means of a cable with the cable tensioning unit. Joint, which connects the adjacent phalanges of the fingers and the phalanx with the metacarpus is an elastic elongated element with thickenings at the ends. On the metacarpus in the area of the base of the thumb there is a recess with coaxially fixed protrusions, in which the rotator is mounted with the formation of a rotation axis of the thumb, which is mounted on the rotator. On the one hand, the rotator contains denticles, which are located radially around the axis of thumb rotation. On one of the protrusions there is a spring, and around the other protrusion there are denticles on the wall of the recess, which, when the rotator is installed in the recess, engage with the denticles on the rotator. On the metacarpus between the fingers and the cable tension unit or between the cable tension unit and the proximal metacarpus portion there is provided with the finger combination control system, which includes at least one finger rod cable locking device, which is configured with the possibility to fix the cable. Prosthetic wrist joint for the mentioned arm prosthesis includes at least two flexible tubes with thickenings at the ends, each of which is fixed by means of screws with its one end in the hand prosthesis, with the other end – in the forearm prosthesis. Finger rod cable locking device of the mentioned hand prosthesis according to the first embodiment includes a hollow cylindrical body with a conical tip, a washer, between the cone-shaped tip and the washer there is a piston in the form of a hollow cylinder, the diameter of one end is equal to the diameter of the opening of the cylindrical body from the side of the cone-shaped tip and is movable in the opening of the housing, the other end abuts against the washer, the middle part of the piston has a diametrical wedge-shaped thickening. Spring is installed between the washer and the thickening of the piston. Ball bearing is radially installed in the internal channel of the piston. Cable passes through the channel, which is formed by the body cavity, the opening in the washer and the piston cavity. Device for locking the ropes of the fingers' rods of the mentioned hand prosthesis according to the second option includes the rack bar, onto which the rope cables are fixed on both sides, the rack wheel, which is mounted above the rack, which is in engagement with the teeth of the rack bar. Finger rod cable locking device of the mentioned hand prosthesis according to the third option includes the wedge, which is connected to the spring that is fixed in the hand body, where the cable passes between the wedge and the hand body. Finger position combination control system of the hand prosthesis according to the first option includes three lever-locking devices of the middle finger, of the ring finger and little finger, which are connected to the fingers by means of cables and connected by means of cables with the pulleys, with which by means of cables the locking device of the index finger is connected, two pulleys, which combine pairs of cables from the index and middle fingers, ring finger and little finger, are connected using the bar and are connected with cables to the locking device, which is combined by means of the lever with the thumb locking device, which is connected to the thumb with a cable. Finger position combination control system of the mentioned hand prosthesis according to the second option includes the elongated plate with transverse channels, through which pass the cables from the fingers to the pulleys, for each cable in the channel area, the polyhedron is fixed and at least one finger rod cable locking device, which is performed with the possibility to fix the cable. Channels have branches, whose dimensions correspond to the dimensions of the polyhedron, and the plate is arranged to be displaced along the straight line, which is perpendicular to the axis of the channel.;EFFECT: group of inventions provides for the increased number of types of grasps, gestures and object manipulation performed.;16 cl, 37 dwg