Provided are methods and compositions for modulating an immune response or for treating a disease or condition in a subject, such as cancer, infection, autoimmune disease, allergy, and asthma. The methods involve systemically administering to a subject a particle comprising a surface and an interior, wherein the surface of the particle comprises an antigen, the interior of the particle comprises an immune modulating agent, and the subject is or has been primed to mount an antibody response to the antigen. The antibody response to the particle permits Fc receptor-bearing target cells to take up the particle, thereby delivering the immune modulating agent to the target cells and modulating an immune response of the subject. In various embodiments, the immune modulating agent can be selected from the group consisting of therapeutic agents, immune activators, and immune suppressors. In certain embodiments, the immune activator is a TLR agonist, e.g, a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide.
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