The present invention relates to utilizing individually accessible nanostructures as nanoelectrodes for electrochemical detection of multiple analytes utilizing various electrochemical spectroscopy, capacitive detection techniques, and field emission detection techniques. In one aspect, the invention provides devices and arrangements comprising at least two individually accessible nanostructures arranged in an array on a substrate. In another aspect, the present invention provides a system including the device, a chip holder, hardware and software. [Selected figure] Figure 4
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