Provided is a method for detecting a target substance in a sample, including: an incubation step in which a first probe and a second probe are added to the sample and to a negative contrast that does not include the target substance and incubation is performed, said first probe being bonded to metal nanoparticles fixed in a carbon nanotube and said second probe being bonded to quantum dots; a fluorescent light measurement step in which the fluorescent light intensity of the sample and the quantum dots in the negative contrast, after the incubation step, is measured; and a determination step in which a determination is made that the target substance is present in the sample if the fluorescent light intensity of the quantum dots in the sample is greater than the fluorescent light intensity of the quantum dots in the negative contrast. The first and second probes bond to the target substance but do not bond to each other. The metal nanoparticles and the quantum dots move closer as a result of the bonding of the first and second probes to the target substance, and the fluorescent light intensity of the quantum dots increases.
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