Polydentate macrocyclic NHCs (NHC ligands) and related methods are disclosed. Such ligands advantageously facilitate a variety of ligand coordination modes and stabilize oxidation states of metal complexes with a number of coordination environments and shapes. The NHC ligands described herein comprise pendant groups configured to facilitate a variety of reactions including: cis-trans isomerization, proton shuttling and facilitating changes in coordination environments as a result of redox reactions.
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