The present invention relates to a phosphating agent for a magnesium alloy, a metal part and a surface phosphatization process therefor. The phosphating agent for the magnesium alloy is used for forming a film coating on a surface of a metal part and comprises the following components in parts by weight per 1000 parts by weight of the phosphating agent: 2-10 parts of potassium permanganate, 5-30 parts of zinc dihydrogen phosphate, 2-5 parts of ammonium hydrogen fluoride, 1-4 parts of ammonium metavanadate, 0.5-2 parts of manganese sulfate and the balance of water. The conversion coating formed by the above phosphating agent for the magnesium alloy is dense, uniform, firm and stable, has strong adhesion and can effectively prevent corrosion to a machine body caused by a corrosive medium such that the machine body can be adequately protected in a practical applied environment.
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