Disclosed is a C+L waveband superfluorescence optical fiber light source. The superfluorescence light source comprises a branch isolator, a broadband coupler, an erbium-doped optical fiber set, a wavelength division multiplexer and a pump laser. Pump light emitted by the pump laser is incident to the erbium-doped optical fiber set and excites the erbium-doped optical fiber set to generate forward C-waveband superfluorescence and backward C-waveband superfluorescence. The forward C-waveband superfluorescence is reversed after passing through the wavelength division multiplexer to re-excite an erbium-doped optical fiber in the erbium-doped optical fiber set to generate L-waveband superfluorescence. The broadband coupler couples the C-waveband superfluorescence and the L-waveband superfluorescence to obtain C+L waveband superfluorescence and transmits same to the outside via the branch isolator. In the present invention, the parallel-connection structure of an erbium-doped optical fiber set can be more conveniently used for making output C+L waveband superfluorescence have the characteristics of wide spectral width and high flatness by adjusting the length of an optical fiber. Furthermore, the superfluorescence optical fiber light source disclosed in the present invention does not require the filtering by a filter, and therefore, the superfluorescence optical fiber light source of the present invention further has the characteristic of low cost.
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