The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating diabetes or diabetic complications comprising ATPase 1 (ATPase inhibitor factor 1) as an active ingredient and a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating obesity containing ATPIF1 as an active ingredient, The composition containing ATPIF1 promotes glucose uptake in muscle cells, improves insulin sensitivity, has a therapeutic effect on diabetes, inhibits lipid synthesis in adipocytes and promotes brown coloration of adipocytes, thereby preventing obesity Or treatment.
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