HEAD OF SPACE CARRIER ROCKET AND METHOD OF LAUNCHING SPACECRAFTS

摘要

FIELD: astronautics.;SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to aerospace engineering and can be used in design development of high-altitude stages intended for launching spacecrafts into near-earth orbits. Head part of space rocket launcher comprises two or more universal modules with own propulsion units - PU with four "pushing" and four radially located control nozzles with steering drives to allow changing angular position of module from spacecraft. Module control system is unified, electrically connected to on-board satellite navigation equipment. Each module provides the possibility of additional speed set in relation to the initial speed. One of the modules from the spacecraft is provided with the possibility of flight in one orbital plane, and the others - possibility of flight in the orbit plane located to the orbital plane under the design angle. According to the method, when the PU pressure drop of the last stage of the carrier rocket reaches a given level, universal modules with a spacecraft are undocked. These modules are actuated to provide preset additional speed for each module from spacecraft in relation to initial speed, including PU of these modules. If necessary, the angle of deviation of the module thrust vector is corrected and the spacecraft module flight in the plane located at the angle, which is determined by the analytical expression, is provided. For 20…30 s till the spacecraft separation, the module PU is switched to the lower thrust mode, the value of which is reduced in 10…15 times compared to rated value. Operation of pushing control nozzles is stopped. Radially located control nozzles are engaged. Angular position of the module from the spacecraft is controlled. Preset orientation of spacecraft by the moment of its separation is provided, zero thrust of PU module is provided, and spacecraft is separated from module.;EFFECT: technical result is possibility of launching several single-type or different-type spacecraft with the help of one carrier rocket to own orbits, larger area of observation of earth surface.;3 cl, 4 dwg