Disclosed herein are insulin agonist peptides conjugated to incretins wherein the insulin/incretin conjugate has agonist activity at both the insulin receptor and the corresponding incretin receptor. Insulin is a proven therapy for the treatment of juvenile-onset diabetes and later-stage adult-onset diabetes. The peptide is biosynthesized as a larger linear precursor of low potency (approximately 2% to 9% of native insulin), named proinsulin. Proinsulin is proteolytically converted to insulin by the selective removal of a 35-residue connecting peptide (C peptide).
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