A lighting controller is provided for a lighting system that comprises a lighting apparatus including one or more lights arranged to provide light to promote smoltification of salmon in a volume of water. The lighting controller controls light output of the lighting apparatus so that continuous light is provided to the volume of water for a first predetermined period lasting at least 24 hours; and so that a plurality of simulated day periods and night periods are provided to the volume of water for a second predetermined period, the second predetermined period following the first predetermined period. During the second predetermined period, an intensity of the light provided to the volume of water in a night period is non-zero and up to 20% of an intensity of the light provided to the volume of water in a day period.
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