Field optimization systems and methods for microwave magnetic field uniformity in atomic clocks

摘要

A method of operating a cold atom clock to maintain a highly homogeneous microwave field is provided. The method includes: driving a subset of microwave feed lines to excite a microwave field in a resonator, while a power and a phase of at least one microwave feed line in the subset is held constant, and while the power or the phase of at least one other microwave feed line in the subset is changed; measuring a strength of the atomic transition excited by the microwave field; extracting a relative power and a relative phase between or among the subset of microwave feed lines by processing the strength of the atomic transitions excited by the microwave field measured in at least one auxiliary-measurement sequence; and determining if an adjustment to one or more of the microwave feed lines is needed to improve the homogeneity of the microwave field phase and amplitude.