Polysaccharide coated nanoparticle compositions comprising ions

摘要

A composition including a coated nanoparticle including a nanoparticle and a cross-linked carbohydrate-based coating and an ion selected from the group consisting of Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺, Be²⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, and mixtures thereof; methods of making and using the composition; and systems including the composition.