According to an aspect of the present embodiment, provided is a time-resolved single-photon counting apparatus comprising: an excitation light source unit for generating pulsed excitation light; a sample optical unit for capturing an optical signal caused by irradiating a sample with the pulsed excitation light; a photoelectric conversion unit for optoelectrically converting the optical signal so as to generate an analogue single-photon signal; an AD signal conversion unit for converting the analogue single-photon signal into a digital single-photon signal by signal sampling; a digital discrimination time measurement unit which discriminates single-photon properties of the digital single-photon signal so as to generate a discrimination signal, and measures the timing of a pulse of the digital single-photon signal so as to generate a delay time signal having relative delay time information; and a time signal processing unit for counting a valid single-photon detection event according to the delay time with reference to the discrimination signal.
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