The present invention relates to the technical field of optical communications, and specifically relates to a single-fiber bidirectional optical transceiving assembly. The single-fiber bidirectional optical transceiving assembly comprises a light emitting component (1), a light receiving component (2), and a light splitting and filtering unit (3), wherein the light emitting component (1) is coupled with the light input port a of the light splitting and filtering unit (3); the light receiving component (2) is coupled with the light output port b of the light splitting and filtering unit (3); the bidirectional port c of the light splitting and filtering unit (3) is coupled with a single-mode fiber (4); the internal optical elements of the light emitting component (1), the light receiving component (2), and the light splitting and filtering unit (3) all are space optical elements. The present invention has a substantive effect that: by means of the improvement of the light splitting and filtering unit, single-fiber bidirectional transmission with a low channel interval is realized.
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