Disclosed is the use of a Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton in the treatment of a recurrent aphthous ulcer. The recurrent aphthous ulcer is selected from any one of or a combination of the following: a mild recurrent aphthous ulcer, a herpetic recurrent aphthous ulcer and a severe recurrent aphthous ulcer. It can be seen that after drug administration, ulcer healing, hyperemia and pain symptoms all disappear.
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