The present invention provides methods for detecting electromagnetic energy (eg, ultraviolet radiation), and articles suitable for use in such methods. The methods and articles can be useful for detecting sterilization or disinfection resulting from electromagnetic energy such as ultraviolet C. Detection of sterilization or disinfection allows for interruption of exposure when the desired level of sterilization or disinfection is obtained. Feedback mechanisms to control exposure to energy can also be used. [Selection diagram] None
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