FOREIGNIZATION AND DOMESTICATION OF INDONESIAN CULTURALLY-BOUND EXPRESSIONS OF PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER’S BUMI MANUSIA IN MAX LANE’S THIS EARTH OF MANKIND

摘要

This study was conducted to describe the way Bumi Manusia has been realized in This Earth of Mankind in terms of Indonesian culturally-bound expressions. The three objectives of the study were: (1) to describe the Indonesian culturally-bound expressions, (2) to describe the foreignizing and domesticating translation techniques, and (3) to describe the degree of meaning equivalence of culturally-bound expressions in Premoedya Ananta Toer’s Bumi Manusia.udA descriptive qualitative approach was applied in this study since it emphasized describing the translation phenomena of foreignization and domestication in Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Bumi Manusia. To support the analysis, however, the researcher also used quantitative data. The data type was in the sentence rank expressions in Bahasa Indonesia-English written texts. The main instrument of the study was the researcher herself. The procedures in analyzing the data were collecting, categorizing, classifying, analysing, discussing, and reporting the data. Furthermore, triangulations were applied to enhance the trustworthiness.udThis study reveals three findings. In terms of culturally-bound expressions, there are nine categories, i.e. (1) ecology, (2) material culture, (3) social culture, (4) organizations, (5) gestures and habits, (6) toponym, (7) anthroponym, (8) fictional characters, and (9) sayings, metaphors, idioms. Among them, culturallybound expression in terms of material culture is in the highest number. In terms of translation techniques, there are five foreignized translation techniques: addition, expansion, borrowing, literal translation, and combined-translation techniques in the context foreignization. On the other side, there are also five domesticatedudtranslation techniques: generalization, omission, equivalence, adaptation, and combined-translation techniques in the context of domestication. The researcher also adds one classification, i.e. combined-translation techniques of foreignization and domestication. The finding is shown that the number of foreignized translation techniques is more than the number of domesticated translation techniques. In terms of meaning equivalence, the Indonesian culturally-bound expressions in Bumi Manusia are (93%) successfully translated in This Earth of Mankind by applying both foreignization and domestication.