This paper analyses the transformative power of NATO accession that gains in importance due to the enlargement fatigue of the EU, the EUu2019s rather weak neighbourhood incentives and the increasing importance of regional security as an incentive for compliance with the institutional standards of democracy and market economy. Econometric cross-country evidence from a hazard model reveals that the entry into NATOu2019s accession process is mainly driven by neighbourhood and strategic effects rather than foregoing institutional reforms in a candidate-country. While strategic interests also dominated the accession process of Macedonia initially, the case study results reveal the central role of the switch in NATOu2019s strategy from strategic interest only to a more balanced consideration of institutional reforms, which u2018turned Macedonia aroundu2019 in terms of institutional development. Clearly, after this turning point marked by the Ohrid agreement, the effectiveness of NATOu2019s accession conditionality could be revealed. The switch in NATOu2019s strategy, rather enforced externally than the result of a well structured debate among NATO members, is of special relevance for the peaceful transition of other post-socialist countries, e.g. Ukraine and Georgia.
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