Du TGV Rhin-Rhône au 'Territoire' Rhin-Rhône : réticularité, mobilité et territorialité dans un espace intermédiaire

摘要

High-speed rail, destined to reduce the times-distances between major French and European cities, tends to push intermediary spaces into a rather unfavorable situation. Strongly polarized by the large urban centers that surround them, these intermediary areas are usually reduced to their sole status of transit areas. However, the Eastern tract, the first section of the LGV Rhine-Rhône project, through its regional dimension, constitutes a factor in the emergence of a territorialization process of the Rhine-Rhone area. Thus, the arrival of high speed rail is responsible for the creation of a network of cities that extends from Dijon to Basel.To address this territorial issue, a detailed analysis of spatial patterns, enriched by a representative approach, allows one to realize how devoid of any territorial dimension the Rhine-Rhône area currently is. A subsequent focus on the configurations of the transportation networks and on human-mobility practices shows how the proposed Rhine-Rhône LGV fits into the study area. Finally, the three forms of appropriation strategies selected; the stakeholders’ interactions in the project delineation, the development projects and the territorial promotion strategies associated to the new rail service, are aimed at showing how perceptions of accessibility gains by local stakeholders can lead to the inclusion of the Rhine-Rhone area into a process of territorialization.This research highlights the difficult adaptation of high-speed rail to the service of intermediary spaces. The location of new TGV stations on the outskirts of Franche-Comté cities and the construction of two railway bypasses at the ends of the LGV, constitute hurdles to the development of a regional high speed network, itself a necessary pre-condition to a territorial operation of the Rhine-Rhône area. In addition to being a factor in the cementing of the intermediary situation of the Rhine-Rhône area, the Eastern tract exacerbates territorial competition and rivalry. This is further shown by the redundancy of development projects designed to accommodate tertiary activities, whereby cities, separated by a mere hundred kilometers, adopt similar strategies. While the analysis of the insertion of the Eastern tract into the Rhine-Rhone area emphasizes the rigidity of the French high-speed model, this case study provides food for thought on the development of future LGV projects, whose implementation will be closely dependent upon the financial support of local authorities.