La vie apostolique en Aquitaine en l'an mil. Paix de Dieu, culte des reliques, et communautés hérétiques

摘要

Apostolic life in the province of Aquitaine during the llth century: Holy peace cult of relics and heretical communities. This article takes up the early eleventh century dossier on "heresy" in Aquitaine (Ademar of Chabannes, Jean of Ripoll, and two newly uncovered texts), placing it in the context of the mass religious movements of the time especially the Peace of god. The article suggests that these heresies are best understood as "apostolic communities", sharing with many Christians of the generation a passion for the historical Jesus and his disciples (Jerusalem pilgrimage, "apostolic cults" like St. Martial John the Baptist) and producing religiosity related to Judaism (messianism, iconoclasm, community autonomy) This perspective permits broad socio-religious reinterpretation of the upsurge of "popular heresy" after the year 1000, and helps understand the ecclesiastical reaction which began to persecute both Jews (1010) and Christian dissidents (1022)