Ensino de literatura: análise da obra o cortiço sob a perspectiva da estética da recepção aplicada aos alunos do 9º ano do ensino fundamental

摘要

When we think of the experience of reading, the literary work would be the artifactthat is offered to the consciousness of a reader, the literary text shouldn't be a realityindependent of that consciousness, which feels and perceives the meanings in aparticular, continuous, imposed by other people's delimitations. The literary workneeds its reader to traverse different epochs and contexts and exist, in fact. To makethe author lose the sensory unity and allow the text the freedom necessary to detachitself from the structuralist and formalist precepts which - because they attributedexclusively to their own textuality the interpretative responsibility of a work, didn'tprivilege the reader in this relation - is the presupposition Raised by the aesthetics ofthe reception, contemporary current of the theory of literature, chosen to guide thisproposal of intervention. The proposal of this dissertation is centered in using thereception aesthetics, applied through a didactic sequence idealized by Cosson(2009) next to a class of the 9th year of elementary education in a school in the cityof Fortaleza, Ceará. We aim to value the active role of the student / reader in theanalysis and interpretation of a fundamental work of Brazilian literature that is OCortiço, by Aluísio Azevedo. It is an action research, with the approach of qualitativedata proposed by Bogdan and Biklen (1991). The theoretical basis is based on theapplication of concepts of great predecessors and students of receptive theory suchas Barthes (1968), Jauss (1994), Iser (1999), as well as theorists who help us in thenew ways of understanding the text Literary, such as Zilberman (1989), Candido(2000), Cosson (2009), Oliveira (2009), Zappone (2009), among others. At the end ofour intervention, we observed that the students acquired appreciation for the workthey read, drew their own impressions on it, and sought new sources to exercise aconscious reading, as well as seeing their own importance in constructing meanings,free from judgments, not just in O cortiço, but also in readings to come.