The investigation related in this thesis was conducted in Bretagne (France) and in urban areas of Lyon, in close collaboration with some contemporary storytellers. Most of their practice were formed in the wake of the so-called "revival of storytelling" that took place in France in the early 1970s. The present research provides an analysis of the oral performance, in order to better understand the scope of this practice – the social ties, acquaintances, encounters it creates – and the causes of its social efficiency. In that aim, the fieldwork was considered under three ethnographic scales : the stage (when the enounciation is evaluated very closely), the wings (an observation of the creative process) and the context (ethnography that aims to understand social and cultural environment of storytelling). The methodology pretended to be experimental – searching by trial and error approach – reflexive and dialogic. Many devices were developed, most of them requiring the use of audiovisual technology.The itinerary proposed here starts with an immersion in the world of two Bretons storytellers, which shows why storytellers can be considered as "memory holders". Then, we make a "zoom" on the oral performance of storytellers ; the ways they enter in stage, their choreography and the reception by audience are the subjects of a long examination. It follows that the storytellers inciting a situation in which the imaginaries cross. The last itinerary of research refers to the situations in which the storytelling is used as an instrument of social mediation. At that time, storytellers and their apprentices work to "put in their mouths" stories in which are expressed, beneath the surface, feelings of belonging, life experiences and through which social and cultural bridges are created.
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