While the Tokamak is considered as very promising nuclear fusion energy source, people are still struggling to stabilize the complicated plasma behavior to eventually make it as a practical future energy source. The first step of such a path may be diagnosing the plasma status inside the Tokamak. More specifically, understanding the procedure of laminar plasma converting into a turbulent flow is one of the key issue in plasma stabilization. For that purpose, various plasma diagnostic tools have been developed for exact, in-situ detecting of the plasma status. MIR, the microwave-imaging-reflectometry, is one such a tool, recently proposed. This is the extension of the previously known reflectometry, which is basically a pin-pointing technique, to a one-shot imaging technique of the plasma density distribution using the curvature-matching concept. Since MIR is a new concept, and has not been fully proved of its validity, some intensive theoretical and simulation studies are required. To meet those needs, a fluid-like FWR code has been developed in PPPL. However, due to its original nature that it handles the plasma as a 'static' dielectric material, it cannot be effectively extended to the regime of fast plasma flow, or turbulence, i.e. the kinetic regime. In this project, we developed a particle-in-cell (PIC) code to simulate self-consistently such a kinetic effects. A full 1/2/3D PIC code with high-order current acquisition and interpolation routines has been completed along with open-boundary field solver, which is quite useful in calculating a continuous microwave launching. The final goal of the project is benchmarking the PIC simulation against the FWR2D, for which we obtained excellent agreements between the results from two different codes. In this way, we accomplished successfully everything we intended to do at the beginning of the research, and now are ready to jump onto more complicated simulations involving dynamic plasma flow and turbulence. Along with those major project goals, we also performed a couple of basic science research regarding the X-mode absorption and Raman scattering in a magnetized plasma. We yielded three SCI paper publications in J. Phys. D, Phys. Plasmas, and Appl. Phys. Lett., which is a prominent achievement.
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机译：尽管托卡马克被认为是非常有前途的核聚变能源，但人们仍在努力稳定复杂的等离子体行为，最终使其成为实用的未来能源。这种路径的第一步可能是诊断托卡马克内部的血浆状态。更具体地说，了解层流等离子体转化为湍流的过程是等离子体稳定的关键问题之一。为此，已经开发了各种等离子体诊断工具来精确地原位检测血浆状态。 MIR，即微波成像反射法，就是最近提出的一种这样的工具。这是先前已知的反射测量法的扩展，该反射测量法基本上是一种精确的指点技术，是对使用曲率匹配概念的等离子体密度分布的单次成像技术的扩展。由于MIR是一个新概念，并且尚未完全证明其有效性，因此需要进行大量深入的理论和仿真研究。为了满足这些需求，在PPPL中开发了类似流体的FWR代码。然而，由于其将等离子体作为“静态”电介质材料来处理的原始性质，它不能有效地扩展到快速等离子体流动或湍流的状态，即动力学状态。在此项目中，我们开发了一种单元内粒子（PIC）代码以自洽地模拟这种动力学效应。具有高阶电流采集和内插例程的完整1/2 / 3D PIC代码以及开放边界场求解器已经完成，这对于计算连续微波发射非常有用。该项目的最终目标是以FWR2D为基准对PIC仿真进行基准测试，为此，我们获得了两种不同代码的结果之间的出色协议。通过这种方式，我们成功地完成了研究初期打算做的所有事情，现在准备跳入涉及动态等离子体流和湍流的更复杂的模拟。除了这些主要的项目目标，我们还对磁化等离子体中的X模吸收和拉曼散射进行了一些基础科学研究。我们在《物理学报》上发表了三篇SCI论文。 D，物理等离子和应用物理Lett。，这是一项杰出的成就。
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