A multi-fault diagnosis method for piston pump in construction machinery based on information fusion and PSO-SVM

摘要

Piston pumps are key components in construction machinery, the failure of which may cause long delay of the construction work and even lead to serious accident. Because construction machines are exposed to poor working conditions, multiple faults of piston pumps are most likely to occur simultaneously. When multiple faults occur together, it is difficult to detect. A multi-fault diagnosis method for piston pump based on information fusion and PSO-SVM is proposed in this thesis. Information fusion is used as fault feature extraction and PSO-SVM is applied as the fault mode classifier. According to the method, vibration signal and pressure signal of piston pump in normal state, single fault state and multi-fault state are collected at first. Then the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is used to decompose vibration signals into different frequency band and energy features are extracted. These energy features extracted from vibration signals and time-domain features extracted from pressure signal are information fused at the feature layer and constitute the eigenvectors. Finally, these eigenvectors are put into support vector machine (SVM) and the working conditions of piston pump were classified. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is applied to optimize two parameters of SVM. The experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of the normal state, three single failure modes and multi-fault modes are 98.3 %, 97.6 % and 94 % respectively. These recognition accuracies are higher than which using vibration signal or pressure signal alone. So, the proposed method can not only identify the single fault, but also effectively identify the multi-fault of piston pump.