The standard of workforce demand in agriculture in São Paulo and the native worker: neither idleness nor shortage nor instability (1890-1915)

摘要

The article examines the relationship between the demand for manpower in agriculture in the São Paulo state between 1890 and 1915, and the forms of worker involvement in productive activity. It defends the idea that it was these forms of worker involvement that formed the stereotypes about a national worker, such as the shortage of these workers, and their instability and idleness. In the most general interpretations about the economic and social formation in Brazil, a predominant factor prevails: the almost exclusion of the poor Brazilian in the production process, as a marginal and accessory element in the productive structure of the export economy. This article analyzes the demand for labor in the tillage industry in São Paulo, showing that it was seasonal and uncertain. It shows that this pattern of intermittent work explains in part the contradiction of a society that had, according to the discourse of the time: either a lack of workers, or an abundance; and at times hard workers, and at other times idle workers.