2010 Focused Update of ESC Guidelines on device therapy in heart failure: An update of the 2008 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure and the 2007 ESC guidelines for cardiac and resynchronization therapy Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association and the European Heart Rhythm Association

摘要

The Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG) of the EuropeanudSociety of Cardiology recognizes that new evidence from clinicaludresearch trials may impact on current recommendations. Theudcurrent heart failure (HF) guidelines1 were published in 2008 andudthe cardiac pacing guidelines in 2007.2 In order to keep these guidelines up to date, it would be appropriate to modify the recommendations and levels of evidence according to the most recent clinical trial evidence. This Focused Update on the use of devices in heart failure 2010 is the first publication of its kind from the CPG.udPractice Guideline recommendations should represent evidence-based medicine. Traditionally, these recommendationsudare based on the outcomes in the cohort of patients describedudby the inclusion criteria in the protocols of randomized clinicaludtrials (RCTs). More recently, based on the fact that the characteristics of the patients actually included in a trial may differ substantially from the eligibility criteria, Guideline Task Force members frequently favour restricting the applicability of these recommendations to the clinical profile and outcomes of the enrolled cohort, representing a more accurate interpretation of the evidence provided by a trial’s result.udIn contrast to previous guidelines, this focused update considersudthe characteristics of the patients included in the trials and contains several examples. In MADIT-CRT, although the protocol permitted inclusion of patients in both New York Heart Associationud(NYHA) I and II function class, only 15% of the patients includedudin this trial were classified as NYHA I, many of whom had beenudpreviously symptomatic. Similarly, although the inclusion criteriaudpermitted randomization of patients with a QRS width ofud≥130 m, the favourable effect on the primary endpoint wasudlimited to patients with a QRS width of ≥150 ms, a prospective,udpre-specified cut-off. The text accompanying these recommendations explains and justifies the decisions to diverge from a traditional recommendation based strictly on the protocol inclusion criteria. The Task Force hopes that the users of the Guidelines will appreciate that this adjustment provides a more realistic application of the trial evidence to daily clinical practice.