Resource Document for the Design of Electronic Instrument Approach ProcedureDisplays

摘要

Instrument approach procedure (IAP) charts play a large role in contributing tothe success or failure of approaches and landings. Paper IAP charts have been criticized for excessive clutter, for text sizes that are too small to read, and for inadequate terrain representation. The electronic presentation of approach information may counteract these criticisms by providing automatic or pilot controlled filtering of the information displayed. However, without careful attention to human factors issues early in the design and development of electronic IAPs (EIAPs), new problems may result. The goal of the project was to develop preliminary guidelines for designers and certifiers of EIAPs to assure that EIAPs help rather than hinder pilots during approach and landing. To identify potential human factors problems in the design of EIAPs, current paper IAP charts and the instrument approach task were studied. Pilots were interviewed and literature describing the information requirements of the task and the cognitive implications of the task were reviewed. A cognitive task analysis was performed. Specific features and functions were identified that may be beneficicial to an EIAP. Literature was reviewed in the areas of cognitive psychology, human-computer interaction, and aviation to identify design concepts and principles for the design of these features and functions. Guidelines were developed from the design concepts and principles and, finally, prototypes of EIAPs were designed in accordance with the new guidelines.