Smoke Gas Analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The SAFIR Project

摘要

The objective of this project was to further develop the Fourier Transform211u001eInfraRed (FTIR) gas analysis of smoke gases to be an applicable and reliable 211u001emethod for the determination of toxic components in combustion gases related to 211u001efire test conditions. The project include the following tasks: small scale and 211u001elarge scale sampling; analysis, calibration and software techniques; the 211u001everification of the method; and an interlaboratory trial. The optimum probe 211u001edesign, filter parameters and the most suitable sampling lines in terms of flow 211u001erate, diameter, construction material and operating temperature have been 211u001especified. The gas adsorption onto the filter and the soot have been measured. In 211u001ethe large scale, special concern was given to the probe design and the effects of 211u001ethe probe location in relation to the fire source as well as practical 211u001econsiderations of the sampling line length. Quantitative calibration and 211u001eprediction methods have been constructed for different components present in 211u001esmoke gases. Recommendations on how to deal with interferents, non-linearities 211u001eand outliers have been provided and a verification method for the spectrometer 211u001efor unexpected variations and for the different models have been described. FTIR 211u001emeasurement procedures in different fire test scenarios have been studied using 211u001ethe recommendations of this project for measurement techniques and anlaysis, and 211u001ereal precision values for specific test scenarios have been estimated. Also a 211u001eproposal for draft standard of the FTIR method for smoke gas analysis has been 211u001eprepared. An interlaboratory trial of the FTIR technique in smoke gas analysis 211u001ewas carried out to define the repeatability and reproducibility of the method in 211u001econnection with a small scale fire test method, the cone calorimeter.