Coercion-resistance is one of the key requirements of voting systems as it prevents an outsider from trying to persuade the voter to vote in a certain way. Although it usually implies receipt-freeness, it is usually formalized as a stronger property. In this paper we analyze two voting schemes for coercion-resistance, namely Pret a Voter and FOO, and find that many of the requirements can be expressed in terms of a fairly recent security property, opacity. We then present a new formalization of coercion-resistance by casting it as opacity.
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