Research Parks Redux: The Changing Landscape of the Garden

摘要

Over the past half century (since University pioneered the concept in 1951), there has been a continuing and increasing interest in the development of what have been called research parks, technology parks, and science parks. Depending on how they are defined, there are some 250 of these parks in over 60 countries around the world, in different stages of economic development. The 2002 rosters of the Association of University-Related Research Parks and the International Association of Science Parks listed 230 and 212 members, respectively. In the U. S., parks are found in the middle of cities, in suburban locations, and in rural places. Some parks, such Stanford's were developed and are owned entirely by universities, but most parks have at least some connection with universities and colleges, if not through ownership, then by research connections, the presences of University/college facilities on site, or proximate location.