Effectiveness of Alternative Skid Reduction Measures. Volume IV. Criteria for Improvement of Pavement Surface Macrotexture

摘要

This volume presents a guide to the role of pavement macrotexture in pavement skid resistance and accidents. An overview of the fundamentals of tire-pavement skid resistance is presented. The methods of measuring macrotexture in the field and in the laboratory are described based on a review of relevant literature. The measurement methods currently employed by state highway departments are identified; the sand patch method is the most widely used and accepted method in the United States for measuring pavement macrotexture. Methods of providing macrotexture in new pavements and restoring macrotexture in existing pavements are described. The methods of providing macrotexture in new pavement include open-graded asphalt surface courses and texturing of portland cement concrete surfaces; the methods of restoring macrotexture to existing surfaces include open-graded asphalt overlays, pavement grooving, cold milling, and seal coats. A cost-effectiveness analysis procedure for alternative methods for improving pavement macrotexture is presented. Such analyses can be used as the basis for cost-effective warrants for pavement macrotexture improvements. The development of cost-effective warrants is illustrated by a numerical example.