Evaluation of Tool Design and Method of Use of Railroad Hand Tools on Back Stress and Performance

摘要

Ten percent of all injuries to railroad employees involve the use of tools. These injuries result in about 38,000 lost work days and $50,000,000 in claims annually. The research identified the hand tools most often associated with injuries. Use of the claw bar and spike maul was studied in detail. Worker's methods for using these tools were classified. Performance was evaluated by using a system that measured the driving or lifting force exerted on the spike. Biomechanical modeling and electromyographic techniques were used to evaluate the corresponding back stress for different tool designs and method combinations. Preferred methods for novices and trackmen were identified for both tools. Performance improved by 10 percent with a 1/4 inch increase in the diameter of the large end of the spike maul while holding the weight and balance constant.