Methods for Ecological Toxicology: A Critical Review of Laboratory Multispecies Tests. Environmental Sciences Division Publication No. 1710

摘要

An evaluation is presented of selected laboratory methods for measuring ecological effects, and tests considered most suitable for research and development are recommended for use in predicting the effects of chemical substances on interspecific interactions and ecosystem properties. The role of mathematical models in chemical hazard assessment is also discussed. About 450 references are cited. A bibliography of more than 700 references is provided. The Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for implementing the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). TSCA, promulgated in 1976, is comprehensive legislation designed to broadly protect human health and the environment from unreasonable risks resulting from the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, and disposal of a chemical substance. Under TSCA, EPA is responsible for identifying and prescribing test standards to be used in developing the data necessary to predict the risks associated with chemical releases into the environment. To aid EPA in this endeavor, laboratory methods for measuring the effects of chemical substances on aquatic and terrestrial interspecific interactions and ecosystem processes were reviewed and evaluated for their potential for standardization for use in environmental hazard and risk assessment processes. The criteria used for these evaluations include whether or not the tests are:rapid, reproducible, relatively inexpensive, unequivocal, sensitive, socially relevant, predictive, generalizable, and well-developed. (ERA citation 06:014870)