Calculation of Dose Consequences of a Hypothetical Large Accident at a Nuclear Power Reactor

摘要

The fission product release to the atmosphere from a nuclear reactor during a hypothetical large accident is discussed, and the consequences in terms of doses to the population are calculated. The reactor is a light-water reactor located at a site representing an idealized, simplified Danish location. Three release categories are discussed: The first is the release in an accident with a core meltdown and a major rupture of the containment. This release is represented by the BWR-2 release of WASH-1400. The second is the release where the containment integrity is maintained, but there is a failure to isolate the containment. This release is represented by the PWR-4 release. The third is obtained as a Best Estimate from Empirical Data, and it is called the BEED release. The release of the BEED case is deduced from empirical evidence - especially the SL-1 accident - in a separate study which is described in the appendix. The release fractions for the most significant elements such as iodine and cesium decrease by a decade from BWR-2 to PWR-4, and from PWR-4 to BEED, while the release fractions of the noble gases are assumed to be at an almost constant high level. The dose consequences in terms of a long-term committed effective dose equivalent is found to be practically directly proportional to the release fractions, i.e. decreasing by a decade from BWR-2 to PWR-4, and from PWR-4 t. (Atomindex citation 13:647779)