Refining to High Yields of Jet Fuel from Shale Oil. Final Report

摘要

As produced, raw retorted shale oil is unsuited for use as a refinery feedstock or as a finished fuel product. Severe catalytic hydrotreating is the approach usually taken to reduce nitrogenous and other undesirable hetero-atomic species to acceptable levels. This exploratory study investigated the use of an alternative upgrading scheme which combined partial hydrotreating of the raw shale oil with treatment of the hydrotreated products by anhydrous hydrogen chloride (HCl) to separate a non-miscible amine hydrochloride adduct. The effect of shale oil hydrotreating severity level on the yields of HCl adduct and raffinate was determined. Reaction conditions required to thermally decompose the HCl adduct were defined, and the hydrogen manufacturing potential of the amine concentrate so produced was estimated for a partial oxidation process. This hydrogen potential was compared with the hydrogen consumption during hydrotreating to estimate the approximate hydrotreating severity level required for balanced operation with respect to hydrogen utilization. Several aspects of raffinate clean-up were studied, including the further reduction of nitrogen content beyond that achieved by the HCl extraction, as well as reductions in raffinate chloride content. (ERA citation 08:053460)