Dry air-surface exchange in hilly terrain.

摘要

Surface fluxes of sensible heat, water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone, and momentum were measured by using the eddy correlation method near the top of a small hill within the Konza Prairie in Kansas during the four 1987 Intensive Field Campaigns of the First ISLSCP Field Experiment (FIFE). Parameterizations of dry air-surface exchange in nonuniform terrain were examined. Larger drag coefficients, larger surface roughness lengths, and smaller aerodynamic resistances appeared to be associated with the deeper, rolling terrain upwind. Surface resistances were less affected by terrain inhomogeneities but were closely related to levels of photosynthetically active radiation. Normalized standard deviations of temperature, humidity, and vertical velocity are slightly different from values predicted by similarity relationships for uniform surfaces. The influences of these differences on fluxes estimated by use of a variance technique are relatively small as compared to the data scatter; computed variance fluxes are statistically in good agreement with eddy correlation fluxes. 11 refs., 7 figs.