Cryogenic Safety Aspect of the Low-(beta) Magnet Systems at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).

摘要

The low-(beta) magnet systems are located in the LHC insertion regions around the four interaction points. They are the key elements in the beams focusing/defocusing process and will allow proton collisions at a luminosity of up to 10(sup 34)cm(sup -2)s(sup -1). Large radiation dose deposited at the proximity of the beam collisions dictate stringent requirements for the design and operation of the systems. The hardware commissioning phase of the LHC was completed in the winter of 2010 and permitted to validate this system safe operation. This paper presents the analysis used to qualify and quantify the safe operation of the low-(beta) magnet systems in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for the first years of operation.