China's Advances in Chemistry in the Past Decade -Communist China-.

摘要

At the time of the Chinese People's Liberation in 1949, chemical research in China, like many other sciences, was very meager. This was due chiefly to prolonged suppression and discouragement on the part of the imperialists and domestic reactionary governing class. From the beginning of this century until the Liberation, Chinese chemists had always faced extremely difficult conditions. For a period of thirty years, only a few prominent works can be mentioned, such as the Solvay process of soda by Hou Te-pang, the steroids study by Chuang Ch'ang-kung, the medicine herb research including Corydalis ambigua, (Yen-hu-su) and Ephedrine (Ma-huang-su) by Chao Ch'eng-ku, etc. The Chinese people took over three old Chinese chemical research centers during 1949 and 1950. Of these, the largest was the Chemical Institute of the Central Academy in Shanghai. It had a staff of thirty-three members, including nineteen senior and Junior research fellows. After the Chinese People's Liberation, Academia Sinica was established in 1949. This led Chinese scientists to work for immediate national economic rehabilitation. Since the beginning of the First Five-Year Plan, Chinese scientists have also helped realized a national planned economy and have developed Chinese science. For the past decade, the government has given scientific work great support. Therefore, chemical progress, like other sciences, has achieved new heights in Chinese science history.