Norwegian Cyclone Models in Relation to Heat and Cold Sources.

摘要

Typical cases of cyclone development on the North Atlantic have been analyzed; the eddy fluxes of latent and sensible heat the radiative heat fluxes, and the dissipation of kinetic energy have been computed. The data are organized to supplement the classical cyclone models, including: nascent cyclone waves, warm-sector cyclones, partly occluded cyclones, full occlusions, cold-core frontless lows, and outbreaks of arctic air in the rear of major cyclones or families of cyclones. Comparison with a large number of cyclone developments in North America showed remarkable differences: On the North Atlantic the initial development appears to be due mainly to thermal advection in the lower half of the troposphere, while on the North American continent the onset of development is normally brought about by a marked upper cold trough (with strong vorticity advection on its forward side) that approaches a low-level frontal zone. (AN).