Renal Response to Graded Hemorrage in Conscious Pigs.

摘要

We developed a conscious pig model with a chronically instrumented kidney to measure renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, and excretory functions during hemorrhage. Seven to ten days prior to experimentation, pigs were splenectomized, arterial and venous catheters implanted, an ultrasonic flow probe placed on the renal artery, and a pyelostomy performed for non-occlusively placing a ureteral catheter. Measurements were taken prior to hemorrhage, and at hemorrhage volumes of 7, 14, 21, and 28 ml/kg, or at corresponding time points for controls. Renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, urine flow rate, osmotic and electrolyte excretion, and arterial pressure decreased progressively to hemorrhage volumes of 14 ml/kg or greater. Thus, pigs, like humans, respond to hypovolemia with redistribution of blood flow away from the kidney. This differs from the dog, which shows no change in renal blood flow or glomerular filtration rate until severe hypotension. Therefore, as an animal model for studying renal hemodynamics during hemorrhage, the conscious pig, in its similarity to the human, is superior to the dog. Keywords: Military trauma research. (kr)