"Peak oil' was a term originally coined in the mid-1950s by M King Hubbert, a US Shell geologist, to describe the inflexion point at the top of a production curve at which peak production is achieved and after which the rate of oil extraction inextricably declines. Whilst the term could arguably be applied to individual wells and fields, it is most commonly used in the evaluation of prospective sedimentary basins, countries and, more especially, in geopolitical circles to describe global production. 'Hubbert's Peak', as it has become known, was surpassed in the US in 1971 and in the late 1990s in the North Sea as major fields discovered in the 1970s entered a phase of terminal decline. However, controversy surrounds whether the balance and offset between the cumulative effect of basin maturity and exploration success in new frontier basins has already been achieved or will soon be reached.
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机译：“峰值油”一词最初是1950年代中期由美国壳牌地质学家M King Hubbert创造的，用于描述生产曲线顶部的拐点，在该拐点处达到峰值产量，此后采油速率虽然该术语可以说是适用于单个井和田地，但它最常用于评估潜在的沉积盆地，国家，尤其是在地缘政治圈中，用以描述全球产量。众所周知，在1970年代在美国被超越，在1970年代后期在北海，由于1970年代发现的主要油田进入了末期衰退阶段，然而，围绕盆地成熟度的累积效应之间的平衡和抵消是否存在争议新边疆盆地的勘探成功已经实现或即将达到。
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