The process industries frequently need to heat or cool high-pressure (HP) gas. The most common method used has been in shell and tube heat exchangers (STHEs). The low-pressure (LP) side of the exchanger contains a utility fluid such as seawater and is, therefore, liquid-filled. Such exchangers may have greatly differing operating pressures between the two fluids and the designer has to consider several variables when choosing the optimum exchanger type, selecting suitable materials, which fluid should be within the tubes and the design pressure and temperature for each side of the exchanger.
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